Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfvén instability in ASDEX Upgrade

The ASDEX Upgrade Team

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-82577-3

Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfvén instability in ASDEX Upgrade

The ASDEX Upgrade Team

Laboratory for Plasma Physics

National Institute for Fusion Science
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik
Hiroshima University
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
Centre for Energy Research
Technische Universität München
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion
MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
University of Seville
Instituto Superior Técnico
Consorzio Rfx
University of Ghent
Technical University of Denmark
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
General Atomics
ITER
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Istituto di Fisica del Plasma Piero Caldirola
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión
Aalto University
University of Cagliari
Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Universitat Innsbruck
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Eindhoven University of Technology
ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
University of Tuscia
University of Stuttgart
Vienna University of Technology
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
University of Rome Tor Vergata
University of Milano-Bicocca
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Politecnico di Torino
University College Cork
Greifswald University
Barcelona Supercomputer Centre
ICREA
University of California, Davis
University of York
Institute of Plasma Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Royal Military Academy
Technische Universität Graz
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA)
Chalmers University of Technology
Institut Jean Lamour
Ecole Polytechnique
Durham University
National Science Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology
Consorzio CREATE
Université Aix Marseille
Research Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases. Here we show that the simulation successfully reproduced the excitation and coexistence of these two modes, and agreed with the experimental results well. Conclusive evidence showed that the resonance overlap is the excitation mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode. In the linear growth phase, energetic particles that satisfied different resonance conditions excited the Alfvén instability, which then caused energetic particle redistribution in phase space. These redistributed energetic particles caused resonance overlap, exciting the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode in the nonlinear phase.

Original language	English
Article number	1130
Journal	Springer Scientific Reports
Volume	15
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82577-3
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025

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10.1038/s41598-024-82577-3

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@article{4a434c07f60746e1897c275eb54b2daf,

title = "Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfv{\'e}n instability in ASDEX Upgrade",

abstract = "The Alfv{\'e}n instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases. Here we show that the simulation successfully reproduced the excitation and coexistence of these two modes, and agreed with the experimental results well. Conclusive evidence showed that the resonance overlap is the excitation mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode. In the linear growth phase, energetic particles that satisfied different resonance conditions excited the Alfv{\'e}n instability, which then caused energetic particle redistribution in phase space. These redistributed energetic particles caused resonance overlap, exciting the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode in the nonlinear phase.",

author = "Hao Wang and Philipp Lauber and Yasushi Todo and Yasuhiro Suzuki and Hanzheng Li and Malik Idouakass and Jialei Wang and Panith Adulsiriswad and S. Zoletnik and H. Zohm and A. Zito and Zimmermann, \{C. F.B.\} and M. Zilker and A. Zibrov and W. Zholobenko and W. Zhang and T. Zehetbauer and I. Zammuto and R. Zag{\'o}rski and Q. Yu and C. Yoo and Q. Yang and E. Wolfrum and R. Wolf and M. Wischmeier and B. Wiringer and M. Willensdorfer and White, \{A. E.\} and D. Wendler and M. Weiland and X. Wang and D. Wagner and \{von Toussaint\}, U. and I. Voitsekhovitch and E. Viezzer and T. Vierle and J. Vicente and N. Vianello and G. Verdoolaege and T. Verdier and S. Varoutis and P. Varela and B. Vanovac and F. Vannini and \{van Zeeland\}, M. and M. Tripsk{\'y} and V. Maquet and A. Lyssoivan and E. Lerche and S. Jachmich and \{The ASDEX Upgrade Team\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41598-024-82577-3",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

journal = "Springer Scientific Reports",

issn = "2045-2322",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfvén instability in ASDEX Upgrade

AU - Wang, Hao

AU - Lauber, Philipp

AU - Todo, Yasushi

AU - Suzuki, Yasuhiro

AU - Li, Hanzheng

AU - Idouakass, Malik

AU - Wang, Jialei

AU - Adulsiriswad, Panith

AU - Zoletnik, S.

AU - Zohm, H.

AU - Zito, A.

AU - Zimmermann, C. F.B.

AU - Zilker, M.

AU - Zibrov, A.

AU - Zholobenko, W.

AU - Zhang, W.

AU - Zehetbauer, T.

AU - Zammuto, I.

AU - Zagórski, R.

AU - Yu, Q.

AU - Yoo, C.

AU - Yang, Q.

AU - Wolfrum, E.

AU - Wolf, R.

AU - Wischmeier, M.

AU - Wiringer, B.

AU - Willensdorfer, M.

AU - White, A. E.

AU - Wendler, D.

AU - Weiland, M.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Wagner, D.

AU - von Toussaint, U.

AU - Voitsekhovitch, I.

AU - Viezzer, E.

AU - Vierle, T.

AU - Vicente, J.

AU - Vianello, N.

AU - Verdoolaege, G.

AU - Verdier, T.

AU - Varoutis, S.

AU - Varela, P.

AU - Vanovac, B.

AU - Vannini, F.

AU - van Zeeland, M.

AU - Tripský, M.

AU - Maquet, V.

AU - Lyssoivan, A.

AU - Lerche, E.

AU - Jachmich, S.

AU - The ASDEX Upgrade Team

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases. Here we show that the simulation successfully reproduced the excitation and coexistence of these two modes, and agreed with the experimental results well. Conclusive evidence showed that the resonance overlap is the excitation mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode. In the linear growth phase, energetic particles that satisfied different resonance conditions excited the Alfvén instability, which then caused energetic particle redistribution in phase space. These redistributed energetic particles caused resonance overlap, exciting the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode in the nonlinear phase.

AB - The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases. Here we show that the simulation successfully reproduced the excitation and coexistence of these two modes, and agreed with the experimental results well. Conclusive evidence showed that the resonance overlap is the excitation mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode. In the linear growth phase, energetic particles that satisfied different resonance conditions excited the Alfvén instability, which then caused energetic particle redistribution in phase space. These redistributed energetic particles caused resonance overlap, exciting the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode in the nonlinear phase.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85214352379

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-024-82577-3

DO - 10.1038/s41598-024-82577-3

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85214352379

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 15

JO - Springer Scientific Reports

JF - Springer Scientific Reports

IS - 1

M1 - 1130

ER -

Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfvén instability in ASDEX Upgrade

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