TY - JOUR
T1 - Fuel retention in impurity seeded discharges in JET after Be evaporation
AU - Brezinsek, S.
AU - Loarer, T.
AU - Krieger, K.
AU - Jachmich, S.
AU - Tsalas, M.
AU - Coffey, I.
AU - Esser, H. G.
AU - Eich, T.
AU - Fundamenski, W.
AU - Giroud, C.
AU - Grünhagen, S.
AU - Huber, A.
AU - Kruezi, U.
AU - Knipe, S.
AU - Maddison, G. P.
AU - McCormick, K.
AU - Meigs, A. G.
AU - Morgan, Ph
AU - Philipps, V.
AU - Sergienko, G.
AU - Stagg, R.
AU - Stamp, M. F.
AU - Tabares, F. L.
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - Preparatory experiments for the ITER-Like Wall in JET were carried out to simulate the massive Be first wall by a thin Be layer, induced by evaporation of about 2.0 g Be, and to study its impact on fuel retention and divertor radiation with reduced C content and N seeding. Residual gas analysis reveals a reduction of hydrocarbons by one order of magnitude and of O by a factor of 5 in the partial pressure owing to the evaporation. The evolution of wall conditions, impurity fluxes and divertor radiation have been studied in ELMy H-mode plasmas (Bt = 2.7 T, Ip = 2.5 MA, Paux = 16 MW) whereas a non-seeded reference discharge was executed prior to the evaporation. The in situ measured Be flux at the midplane increased by about a factor of 40 whereas the C flux decreased by ∼50% in the limiter phase of the first discharge with respect to the reference, but erosion of the Be layer and partial coverage with C takes place quickly. To make best use of the protective Be layer, only the first four discharges were employed for a gas balance analysis providing a D retention rate of 1.94 × 1021 D s-1 which is comparable to rates with C walls. But the Be evaporation provides a non-saturated surface with respect to D and short term retention is not negligible in the balance; the measured retention is overestimated with respect to steady-state conditions like that of the ILW. Moreover, C was only moderately reduced and co-deposition of fuel with eroded Be and C occurs. The lower C content leads to a minor reduction in divertor radiation as the reference phase prior to seeding indicates. N adds to the radiation of D and the remaining C, and the N content rises due to the legacy effect which has been quantified by gas balance to be 30% of the injected N. C radiation increases with exposure time, and both contributors cause an increase in the radiated fraction in the divertor from 50% to 70%. The radiation pattern suggests that N dominates the increase in the first discharges though C is still the dominating radiator. Therefore, the validity of a proxy of the Be first wall by a thin Be layer is limited and restricted to plasma operation directly after the Be evaporation.
AB - Preparatory experiments for the ITER-Like Wall in JET were carried out to simulate the massive Be first wall by a thin Be layer, induced by evaporation of about 2.0 g Be, and to study its impact on fuel retention and divertor radiation with reduced C content and N seeding. Residual gas analysis reveals a reduction of hydrocarbons by one order of magnitude and of O by a factor of 5 in the partial pressure owing to the evaporation. The evolution of wall conditions, impurity fluxes and divertor radiation have been studied in ELMy H-mode plasmas (Bt = 2.7 T, Ip = 2.5 MA, Paux = 16 MW) whereas a non-seeded reference discharge was executed prior to the evaporation. The in situ measured Be flux at the midplane increased by about a factor of 40 whereas the C flux decreased by ∼50% in the limiter phase of the first discharge with respect to the reference, but erosion of the Be layer and partial coverage with C takes place quickly. To make best use of the protective Be layer, only the first four discharges were employed for a gas balance analysis providing a D retention rate of 1.94 × 1021 D s-1 which is comparable to rates with C walls. But the Be evaporation provides a non-saturated surface with respect to D and short term retention is not negligible in the balance; the measured retention is overestimated with respect to steady-state conditions like that of the ILW. Moreover, C was only moderately reduced and co-deposition of fuel with eroded Be and C occurs. The lower C content leads to a minor reduction in divertor radiation as the reference phase prior to seeding indicates. N adds to the radiation of D and the remaining C, and the N content rises due to the legacy effect which has been quantified by gas balance to be 30% of the injected N. C radiation increases with exposure time, and both contributors cause an increase in the radiated fraction in the divertor from 50% to 70%. The radiation pattern suggests that N dominates the increase in the first discharges though C is still the dominating radiator. Therefore, the validity of a proxy of the Be first wall by a thin Be layer is limited and restricted to plasma operation directly after the Be evaporation.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79960363468&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0029-5515/51/7/073007
DO - 10.1088/0029-5515/51/7/073007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:79960363468
SN - 0029-5515
VL - 51
JO - Nuclear Fusion
JF - Nuclear Fusion
IS - 7
M1 - 073007
ER -