A review of existing low, slow, and small UAS counter-measures

Being able to reliably deal with rogue low, slow, and small (LSS) unmanned aerial systems (UASs) is paramount to ensure safety of Private, Public, and State institutions. Either in peace or war times, various precedents worldwide, such as the numerous airspace intrusions in airports, attempted attacks on people, or the current ongoing events in Ukraine, illustrate the critical aspect of the threat posed by those UASs. In this review, a compilation of existing counter-UAS systems, combining both sensors and (low collateral damage) effectors, is presented, and a comparison between real-world experience and expected technology outcomes is provided, whenever possible.